中日韩 监管 虚拟货币(中日韩跨境电商平台)

韩国监管机构正在寻求与北京和东京方面的合作，以解决加密货币投机的问题。首尔当局对六家商业银行的加密交易进行了检查。韩国的经验有助于可能的三边管理方法。

“试错法”塑造三边合作

韩国金融服务委员（FSC）将深化与中日两国机构的合作，以遏制投机交易。FSC主席崔重卿在新闻发布会上透露，亚洲国家的财政部长们已在上个月交换了意见。韩国联合通讯社引用崔重卿的原话，首尔将“建立一个详细的与北京和东京合作的体系”。韩国最高金融监管机构向媒体介绍了将于周四进行的银行检查，韩国金融情报部门也会参与其中。他对他所谓的投资加密货币的“非理性趋势”提出了警告，点到了“投机性投资的持续狂热”。

在崔重卿看来，加密货币不能起到支付方式的作用。他教育记者说：“虚拟货币只会引发不良反应”。欺诈、非法集资、黑客攻击、炒作和操纵市场价格都是其中之一。根据《韩国先驱报》报道，该政府官员有可能会关闭所有跟加密货币相关的业务，以尽量减少上述的影响。崔重卿说，世界正面临着“政策挑战的大瘟疫”，他补充说，韩国的“试错法”经验能帮助形成三边合作的实施条例。

信任，但要检查“守门人”

韩国金融监管机构目前正在六家商业银行进行检查，包括友利、国民和新韩银行。加密货币交易者的账户已经被锁定为目标。上个月，当局下令银行停止发行所谓的“虚拟账户”，加密货币交易所常使用这些账户来管理客户资金。计划在1月底应用一个新的终止匿名交易的系统，并强制交易员进行实名认证。

FSC负责人发出了另一个这方面的警告：因为其匿名性，“虚拟货币交易非常容易受洗钱的影响”。在监控加密相关交易时，崔重卿呼吁银行充当“守门人”。他担心银行对非法使用的资金流保持沉默。正在进行的这项调查就是用来确认银行是否按照法律要求检查了洗钱和非实名交易。

这位韩国官员抱怨说，在现有的法律框架内，监管机构所能做的只有提出检查。崔重卿还指出，填补监管空白还需要时间。韩国当局正计划对交易所提出更严格的要求。某个拥有某些最大加密交换服务提供商的国家也在制定对加密货币相关犯罪更严厉的制裁。KBS电台报道，这位监管人还曾发誓，即使法规还未修改，也会强制采取有力的措施打击非法行为。

目前尚不清楚可能会对银行和交易所实施的具体制裁措施。FSC主席确认，暂停虚拟账户服务似乎是当局唯一可以采取的措施。若检查人员发现任何非法活动，帐户将被关闭。崔重卿拒绝评论对加密货币交易征税和制裁逃税的新计划。

英文原文

The Financial Services Commission of South Korea will be deepening cooperation with agencies from China and Japan in curbing speculative transactions. Deputy finance ministers from the Asian countries have already exchanged ideas last month, FSC’s chairman Choi Jong-ku revealed during a press conference. Seoul aims to “set up a detailed system of cooperation” with Beijing and Tokyo, Choi said, quoted by Yonhap News Agency. The nation’s top financial regulator briefed media about the bank inspection that will run through Thursday with the participation of the Korean Financial Intelligence Unit. He warned against what he called an “irrational trend” of investing in cryptocurrencies, noting the “ongoing fever of speculative investment”.

In Choi’s words cryptocurrencies are unable to play a role as a means of payment. “A virtual currency only triggers side effects”, the regulator educated reporters. Fraud, illegal fundraising, hacking, speculation and manipulation of market prices were mentioned in a long list. The government official left the door open to shutting down all cryptocurrency-linked businesses to minimize the aforementioned effects, according to the Korean Herald. Choi Jong-ku said the world was facing a “policy challenge pandemic” and added that Korea’s “trial-and-error” experience can help shape trilateral efforts to implement regulations.

South Korea’s financial regulator is currently conducting inspections in six commercial banks, including Woori, Kookmin and Shinhan. Accounts of cryptocurrency traders have been targeted. Last month authorities ordered banks to stop issuing the so called “virtual accounts” used by cryptocurrency exchanges to manage their clients’ money. A new system to end anonymous trading and enforce real name identity verification on traders is to be implemented by the end of January.

The head of the FSC issued another warning in that respect: “Virtual currency transactions are highly susceptible to money laundering”, because of their anonymity, he said. Choi Jong-ku appealed to banks to act as “gatekeepers” when monitoring crypto-related transactions. He shared his concerns that they had remained silent about money flows for illegal uses. The ongoing investigation is supposed to determine if the banks have detected money laundering and non-real-name transactions, as they are required by law.

The Korean official complained that all regulators could do within the present legal framework was to order inspections. Choi also noted that filling the regulatory vacuum would take time. Korean authorities are planning to impose stricter requirements for exchanges. Tougher sanctions for cryptocurrency related crimes are also on the way in a country that hosts some of the biggest providers of crypto exchange service. But strong measures against illicit acts will be enforced even before the legislation is revised, the regulator vowed, quoted by KBS Radio.

The exact sanctions that might be imposed on banks and exchanges remain unclear. Suspending virtual account services seems to be the only step authorities can take now and the FSC’s chairman confirmed that. Such accounts will be closed if inspectors uncover any illegal activities. Choi declined to comment on the new plans to tax cryptocurrency transactions and sanctions for tax evasion.

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